TOEFL аудирование тест №2

Directions

This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English. You will hear each conversation or lecture only one time. After each conversation or lecture, you will answer some questions about it.
The questions typically ask about the main idea and supporting details. Some questions ask about a speaker's purpose or attitude. Answer the questions based on what is stated or implied by the speakers.
You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.
In some questions, you will see this icon: ??? . This means that you will hear, but not see, part of the question.
Some questions have special directions. These directions appear in a gray box.
Most questions are worth one point. A question worth more than one point will have special instructions indicating how many points you can receive.
You will have 20 minutes to answer the questions in this section.

Now get ready to listen. You may take notes.

START

Questions 1-6

Listen to part of a lecture in a business studies class.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

1. What is the lecture mainly about? A method for evaluating outcomes A technique for avoiding controversy A comparison of beneficial inputs A formula for sidestepping failure

2. In the lecture, the professor describes some costs and benefits of investing in new machinery. Indicate whether each of the following is a cost or a benefit for a company planning on making an investment decision. Check the correct box for each statement
	Cost	Benefit
The new machine has lower energy consumption than the old one. The insurance payments are higher for the new machine. The new machine produces higher-quality products. Additional floor space is required for the new machine. The new machine has more safety features than the old one.

3. Why does the professor mention the introduction of machinery? To underline the importance of monetary units To help explain how costs and benefits are worked out To show that many machines are too expensive To emphasize the financial side of business decisions

4. Why does the professor say this: ??? She thinks some costs are difficult to see. She does not think the analysis is complicated. She wants students to understand the loss of money. She does not think all benefits are really benefits.

5. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ??? To verify how tricky it is to apply CBA to a transportation business To introduce impressive software for building roads To show how to calculate the building of a new road To give an example of an analysis done in the public domain

6. According to the professor, how does CBA evaluate subjective things? By asking people what something is worth By studying how people use money By subtracting costs from benefits By asking experts for their opinions

Questions 7-11

Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

7. Why does the student go to see her professor? To pick up her research paper To get advice on citing sources To get feedback on her research paper To discuss the nutritional value of chocolate

8. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ??? To show how experts are biased To explain why the Web site is bad To encourage the student to visit the professor To indicate that she needs to pay attention to other details

9. Why does Dr. Johnson criticize the student's use of a university Web site? The research was put together by students. The professor was not an expert in the field. The Web site wasn't from a prestigious university. The Web site did not have the .edu domain in its address.

10. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ??? To encourage the student to investigate the claims further To indicate that the research on chocolate was well funded To encourage the student to be closed-minded about the study To explain that the research suggests salt should be added to chocolate

11. What does the professor say about the research sponsored by a company? It is biased. It is not wll funded. It should be repeatable. It should be thrown out.

Questions 12-17

Listen to part of a lecture in an architecture class.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

12. What is the lecture mainly about? The first skyscrapers in America The influence of the English Arts and Crafts movement The Prairie School of Architecture Oriental motifs in American architecture

13. What can be said about the nature of Prairie School architecture? Choose 2 answers It tried to harmonize with nature. It was mostly expressed in large public buildings. It was mainly concerned with domestic living spaces. It was Midwestern American in nature with no foreign influences.

14. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ??? To introduce a new discussion topic for the lecture To suggest that the name of the school is slightly inappropriate To find out whether the students have understood the concept of prairie To express disagreement with the stated aims of the Prairie School architects

15. According to the professor, how did the Prairie School architects make living space more compatible with human needs? Choose 2 answers Through the use of vertical windows By abolishing closed interior corners Through the use of elaborate ornamentation By decreasing the number of separate rooms

16. What does the professor say about the use of ornamentation by Prairie School architects? They liked colorful designs and a variety of decorations. They tended to use ornamentation only if it complemented a design. The only ornamentation they used was based on Japanese models. The only decoration they permitted was in furniture design.

17. Why does the professor mention traditional Japanese houses? To contrast Japanese architectural design with the Prairie School design To show the relationship between Japanese use of space and overall ornamentation To give an example of how turned-up roof edges don't blend in with the horizontal lines of the flat prairies To show how the influence of Oriental themes was expressed in the Prairie School designs

Questions 18-23

Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

18. What aspect of a meme's behavior does the professor mainly discuss? Its genetic structure Its ability to disappear Its physical appearance Its tendency to be copied

19. Why does the professor say this: ??? To find out if students already know the main points To suggest that some of the information is controversial To hint that most of the discussion is wrong To explain why gene theory is considered out of date

20. What does the professor say about memes? They will eventually disappear. They cause us to mutate. They are passed on to other people. They are usually harmful.

21. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ??? To make a joke about what could be considered as a meme To indicate that important ideas could be transferred by memes To show how memes can be used for the preparation of food To show a contrast between the idea of constructing bridges and making fires

22. What does the professor imply about the importance of memes in our minds? Memes are related to our thoughts. Memes are controlled by our brains. Memes and emotions are identical. Memes are necessary for our emotions.

23. Which of the following is NOT true about memes? Memes can be found in our genes. Memes can be passed on to other people. Memes can represent true or false ideas. Memes can die out.

Questions 24-29

Listen to part of a lecture in an anthropology class.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

24. What is the main topic of the lecture? Reasons for the disappearance of the Anasazi culture Reasons for the fighting between different cultures Reasons for environmental degradation Reasons for the development of the Anasazi culture

25. What does the professor imply about the term Anasazi? It should not be used. There are better alternatives. It is not a well-known name. It is no longer acceptable to some people.

26. According to the professor, why did the Anasazi start making pottery? They wanted to trade with other cultures. They wanted to develop artistic skills. Pottery is better for keeping food. Their baskets were ineffective.

27. Why does the professor say this: ??? She was trying to recall where in the lecture she was. She was unsure which culture she was describing. She realized that the students were not listening carefully. She forgot to tell the students about road-building techniques.

28. Based on the information in the discussion, indicate whether each of the following is accepted by most scientists. Check the correct box for each statement
	Yes	No
They left their villages because of the spread of diseases. They left their villages because of invaders. They left their villages because of lack of resources.

29. What does the professor imply about the Anasazi's use of their environment? They were aware of the damage they were causing. They did not protect their environment well. They tried to manage their resources properly. They were sophisticated in their use of resources.

Questions 30-34

Listen to part of a conversation between two students.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

30. What are the students mainly discussing? The importance of being presumed innocent Court procedure in criminal cases The definitions of some legal terms Legal rights of defendants

31. Why does the woman say this: ??? To invite the man to accompany her To let the man know she doesn't have much time To ask the man if he would like to meet her roommate To check that the man has finished his test review

32. According to the conversation, which of the following statements are correct? Choose 2 answers The defendant tries to show that he or she is not guilty. The prosecutor usually works for the government. The plaintiff is often convicted. The burden of proof rests with the jury.

33. What can be inferred about the value of circumstantial evidence for prosecutors? It is useful but never sufficient for gaining a conviction. All court cases require it. Prosecutors often use it to gain a conviction. Without direct evidence, it is unreliable.

34. According to the conversation, what do most people think about circumstantial evidence? It is better than direct evidence for gaining a conviction. It is not very useful for gaining a conviction. It cannot be used in criminal court cases. It is very persuasive in court cases.